Historical material compiled through 2006. Original captions and source text are retained; some external links may have moved or expired.
Ferns Scorched by Air
Pollution
Near Woodstock, Vermont
In recent years, various species of
ferns have been developing a brown or purplish scorched
appearance by late summer, long before the occurrence of Fall
frosts.
photos by Gerry Hawkes - September 1,
2001
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Contact Gerry Hawkes: ghawkes@eco-systems.org